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README
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1995-07-03
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"I swear by my life and my love of it that I will never live
for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for
mine."
John Galt in "Atlas Shrugged", by Ayn Rand
AUTHOR
The author is cristy@dupont.com. This software is NOT
shareware. However, I am interested in who might be using
it. Please consider sending me a picture postcard of the area
where you live. Send postcards to
John Cristy
5 Middleton Lane
Landenberg, PA 19350
USA
AVAILABILITY
ImageMagick is available as
ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/applications/ImageMagick/ImageMagick-3.6.3.tar.gz
I want ImageMagick to be of high quality, so if you encounter
a problem I will investigate. However, be sure you are using
the most recent version from ftp.x.org before submitting any
bug reports or suggestions.
WWW
The official ImageMagick WWW page is
http://www.wizards.dupont.com/cristy/ImageMagick.html
it was created and is maintained by muquit@warm.semcor.com.
The page is currently a work-in-progress and will mostly be
complete by July 1995. Another useful ImageMagick WWW page is
http://www.vrl.com/Imaging/
To use display as your external image viewer, edit the global mailcap
file or your personal mailcap file .mailrc (located at your home
directory) and put this entry:
image/*; display %s
UNIX COMPILATION
Type:
gunzip ImageMagick-3.6.3.tar.gz
tar xvf ImageMagick-3.6.3.tar
cd ImageMagick
< edit magick/X.h and verify the RGBColorDatabase define >
xmkmf
make Makefiles
make depend
make -k
If you do not have gunzip(1), it is available as
prep.ai.mit.edu:pub/gnu/gzip-1.2.4.shar. If you do not have
xmkmf(1), or if xmkmf(1) fails to produce usable Makefiles,
type
configure
make
Finally type:
display images/aquarium.miff
display -monochrome -dither images/aquarium.miff
The aquarium and other images are available from anonymous FTP
at ftp.x.org, file
contrib/applications/ImageMagick/ImageMagick.images.tar.gz.
If the image colors are not correct use this command:
display -visual default images/aquarium.miff
You can find other example images in the 'images' directory.
Be sure to read the manual pages for the display(1), animate(1),
montage(1), import(1), mogrify(1), identify(1), segment(1),
combine(1), and convert(1) utilities. Also read the ImageMagick
frequently asked questions in the file Magick.faq. This is required
reading. Most of the questions I get via electonic mail are answered
in this document.
Place display(1) X application defaults in
/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/Display. Use the appropriate name
for other clients (e.g. Animate, Montage, etc).
The ImageMagick utilities read and write MIFF images. Refer
to the end of this message for more information about MIFF.
Use convert(1) to convert images to and from the MIFF format.
ImageMagick utilities recognizes these image formats:
Tag Description
----------------------------------------------------
AVS AVS X image file
BMP Microsoft Windows bitmap image file
CMYK Raw cyan, magenta, yellow, and black bytes
EPS Adobe Encapsulated Postscript
FAX Group 3
FITS Flexible Image Transport System
GIF Compuserve Graphics image file
GRAY Raw gray bytes
HDF Hierarchical Data Format.
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group file interchange format
MAP colormap intensities and indices
MATTE Raw matte bytes
MIFF Magick image file format
MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group digital video
MTV MTV ray tracer image format
PCD Photo CD
PCX ZSoft IBM PC Paintbrush file
PDF Portable Document Format
PICT Apple Macintosh QuickDraw/PICT file
PNG Portable Network Graphics
PNM Portable bitmap
PS Adobe PostScript file
PS2 Adobe PostScript Level II file
RAD Radiance image file
RGB Raw red, green, and blue bytes
RLE Utah Raster Toolkit
SUN SUN Raster image file format
TGA Truevision Targa image file
TEXT raw text file; read only
TIFF Tagged Image File Format
VICAR Planetary File Format
VID Visual Image Directory
VIFF Khoros Visualization image file
X select image from X server screen
XC constant image of X server background color
XBM X11 bitmap
XPM X11 pixmap
XWD X11 window dump
YUV CCIR 601 4:1:1 file.
YUV3 CCIR 601 4:1:1 files.
and for your convenience automatically converts most of these
alien image format to MIFF at execution time. However, the
MIFF image format has several advantages over most image
formats (i.e. runlength encoding, visual image dorectories, digital
signature on an image colormap, etc.). ImageMagick is designed to
exploit these advantages. Whenever possible convert an alien image
format to the MIFF format before using the various ImageMagick
programs.
Other formats may also be recognized. See CONVERT(1) for a
list of valid image formats. You can specify a particular
image format by prefixing the image filename with the image
type and a colon (i.e. ps:image).
To further enhance the capabilities of ImageMagick, you may
want to get these programs or libraries:
o ImageMagick requires GNU's Ghostscript software available
via anonymous FTP as
ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/pub/ghost/aladdin/ghostscript-3.33.tar.gz
to read the Postscript or the Portable Document format. For
ImageMagick to read Postscript files, gs(1) must be in your
execution path and the `pbmraw' and `ppmraw' devices must be
recognized (try gs -h to verify). If they are not defined,
add them to your DEVICE_DEVS define in your Ghostscript
Makefile and recompile (i.e. DEVICE_DEVS=x11.dev pbmraw.dev
ppmraw.dev). For ImageMagick to read Portable Document
Format files, the PDF language interpreter must be
recognized (try gs -h to verify). If PDF is not
interpreted, add pdf.dev to the FEATURE_DEVS define in your
Ghostscript Makefile and recompile.
o ImageMagick requires the NCSA HDF library
available via anonymous FTP as
ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/HDF/HDF3.3r4/tar/HDF3.3r4.tar.Z
to read and write the HDF image format.
o ImageMagick requires the JBIG-Kit software available via anonymous
FTP as
ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/doc/ISO/JBIG/jbigkit-0.7.tar.gz
to read the JBIG image format.
o ImageMagick requires the Independent JPEG Group's software
available via anonymous FTP as
ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/jpegsrc.v5b.tar.gz
to read the JPEG image format.
o ImageMagick requires the MPEG library available via
anonymous FTP as
ftp://ftp.mni.mcgill.ca/pub/mpeg/mpeg_lib-1.1.tar.gz
ftp://wpi.wpi.edu/contrib/mpeg_lib-1.1.tar.gz
to read the MPEG image format.
o ImageMagick requires picttoppm from
ftp://ftp.x.org/R5contrib/netpbm-1mar1994.tar.gz
to read Macintosh PICT images.
o ImageMagick requires the PNG and ZLIB library from
ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/png/code/pnglib-0.6.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.uu.net/pub/archiving/zip/zlib/zlib-0.92.tar.gz
to read the PNG image format. PNGlib has a bug. Remove the
extra rp++ in routine png_write_image of pngwrite.c.
o ImageMagick requires ra_ppm from Greg Ward's Radiance
software available via anonymous FTP as
ftp://hobbes.lbl.gov/Radiance2R4.tar.Z
to read the Radiance image format.
o ImageMagick requires rawtorle from the Utah Raster Toolkit
available via anonymous FTP as
ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/urt/urt-3.1b.tar.Z-split/part??
to write the RLE image format.
o ImageMagick requires Sam Leffler's TIFF software available
via anonymous FTP as
ftp://sgi.com/graphics/tiff/tiff-v3.4beta004-tar.gz
to read the TIFF image format.
o ImageMagick requires Arnaud Le Hors XPM software available
via anonymous FTP as
ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/libraries/xpm-3.4f.tar.gz
to read the XPM image format.
o ImageMagick requires get(1) available via anonymous FTP as
ftp://liege.ics.uci.edu/pub/arcadia/libwww-perl/
or via Mosaic as
http://www.ics.uci.edu/WebSoft/libwww-perl/
to read images specified with a World Wide Web (WWW) uniform
resource locator (URL). Get(1) must be in /usr/local/bin.
See WWWcommand in magick/image.h to change its location. If
you do not have a HTTP server, you can use xtp(1), available
in the ImageMagick distribution, for URL's whose protocol is
FTP.
o ImageMagick requires a background texture for the TILE
format and for the -texture option of montage(1). You can
use your own or get samples from
http://www.europa.com/~yyz/textures/textures.html
http://the-tech.mit.edu/cgi-bin/KPT_bgs.pl
To display images in the HDF, JBIG, JPEG, MPEG, PNG, TIFF, or XPM
format, get the respective archive and build ImageMagick as follows:
HDF:
cd ImageMagick
mkdir hdf
cd hdf
zcat HDF3.3r4.tar.Z | tar xvf -
cp HDF3.3r4/hdf/src/* .
< edit Makefile; define machine type; for Solaris 2.?
comment out memory.h in hdf/hdfi.h >
make libnofortran
cd ..
JBIG:
cd ImageMagick
gunzip -c jbigkit-0.7.tar.gz | tar xvof -
mv jbigkit jbig
cd jbig
make
cd ..
JPEG:
cd ImageMagick
gunzip -c jpegsrc.v5b.tar.gz | tar xvof -
mv jpeg-5b jpeg
cd jpeg
configure CC=cc -with-maxmem=7
make
cd ..
MPEG:
cd ImageMagick
mkdir mpeg
cd mpeg
gunzip -c mpeg_lib-1.1.tar.gz | tar xvof -
mv mpeg_lib/* .
< edit Makefile as instructed; for Solaris use the
BSD-compatibility libraries or replace bzero with a call to
memset >
make
cd ..
PNG:
cd ImageMagick
gunzip -c zlib-1.0.tar.gz | tar xvf -
cd zlib
make
cd ..
mkdir png
cd png
unzip -aL pnglib-1.0.zip
make
mv pnglib.a libpng.a
cd ..
TIFF:
cd ImageMagick
gunzip -c tiff-v3.4beta004.src.tar.Z | tar xvof -
mv tiff-v3.4beta004 tiff
cd tiff
configure
make
cd ..
XPM:
cd ImageMagick
mkdir xpm
cd xpm
gunzip -c xpm-3.4f.tar.gz | tar xvof -
mv xpm-3.4f/lib/* .
xmkmf
make
cd ..
If your computer system supports shared libraries you must
type
make install
If you do not have root privileges, type this instead
rm libXpm*
make -f Makefile.noX
Finally, perform the following:
cd ImageMagick
< edit Magick.tmpl and define Has???? as instructed >
xmkmf
make Makefiles
make clean
make
If you do not have xmkmf, try
< edit Makefile.in and define Has???? as instructed >
configure
make clean
make -k
You can now display images in the HDF, JPEG, MPEG, TIFF, or
XPM format.
If you have HDF, JPEG, MPEG, PNG, TIFF, and XPM sources
installed as directed above, you can also type
Install sun
Substitute the appropriate machine type (aix, hpux, sgi, etc).
VMS COMPILATION
Type
@make
set display/create/node=node_name::
where node_name is the DECNET X server to contact.
Finally type:
display [.images]aquarium.miff
display -monochrome -dither [.images]aquarium.miff
Alternatively, get a zipped distribution (with JPEG, MPEG,
TIFF, and XPM) from
ftp://ftp.x.org/contrib/vms/ImageMagick/ImageMagick-3.6.3.zip
The VMS JPEG, TIFF, and XPM source libraries are available on
axp.psl.ku.dk in [anonymous.decwindows.lib].
Thanks to pmoreau@cenaath.cena.dgac.fr for supplying
invaluable help as well as the VMS versions of the JPEG, MPEG,
TIFF, and XPM libraries.
ANIMATION
An example animation sequence is available from anonymous FTP
at ftp.x.org, file contrib/ImageMagick.animation.tar.gz. Or
alternatively, you can create this sequence yourself. Just
look at README in the scenes directory.
To prevent color flashing on visuals that have colormaps,
animate(1) creates a single colormap from the image sequence.
This can be rather time consuming. You can speed this
operation up by reducing the colors in the image before you
`animate' them. Use mogrify(1) to color reduce the images:
mogrify -colors 256 scenes/dna.[0-9]*
Note, the image sequence in ImageMagick.animation.tar.gz is
already reduced. Alternatively, you can use a Standard
Colormap; or a static, direct, or true color visual. You can
define a Standard Colormap with xstdcmap(1). For example, to
use the "best" Standard Colormap, type:
xstdcmap -best
animate -map best scenes/dna.[0-9]*
or to use a true color visual:
animate -visual truecolor scenes/dna.[0-9]*
Image filenames can appear in any order on the command line if
the scene keyword is specified in the MIFF image. Otherwise
the images display in the order they appear on the command
line. A scene is specified when converting from another image
format to MIFF by using the "scene" option with any filter.
Be sure to choose a scene number other than zero. For
example, to convert a TIFF image to a MIFF image as scene #2,
type:
convert -scene 2 image.tiff image.miff
MIFF IMAGE FORMAT
MIFF is an image format which I developed. I like it because
1) It is machine independent. It can be read on virtually
any computer. No byte swapping is necessary.
2) It has a text header. Most image formats are coded in
binary and you cannot easily tell attributes about the
image. Use more(1) on MIFF image files and the
attributes are displayed in text form.
3) It can handle runlength-encoded images. Although most
scanned images do not benefit from runlength-encoding,
most computer-generated images do. Images of mostly
uniform colors have a high compression ratio and
therefore take up less memory and disk space.
4) It allows a scene number to be specified. This allows
you to specify an animation sequence out-of-order on the
command line. The correct order is determined by the
scene number of each image.
5) MIFF computes a digital signature for colormapped
images. This is useful for animating a sequence of
images on a colormapped X server. If all signatures
match in the image sequence, computing a global colormap
is not necessary.
6) There is a `montage' keyword allowing an image to act as
a visual image directory. See display(1) for more details.
One way to get an image into MIFF format is to use
convert(1). or read it from an X window using the 'import'
program. Alternatively, type the necessary header information
in a file with a text editor. Next, dump the binary bytes
into another file. Finally, type
cat header binary_image | display -write image.miff -
For example, suppose you have a raw red, green, blue image
file on disk that is 640 by 480. The header file would look
like this:
id=ImageMagick columns=640 rows=480 :
The image file would have red, green, blue tuples
(rgbrgbrgb...).
Refer to the display(1) manual page for more details.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 1995 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this
software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby
granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice
appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and
this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and
that the name of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company not be
used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of
the software without specific, written prior permission. E.
I. du Pont de Nemours and Company makes no representations
about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is
provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company disclaims all warranties
with regard to this software, including all implied warranties
of merchantability and fitness, in no event shall E. I. du
Pont de Nemours and Company be liable for any special,
indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever
resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an
action of contract, negligence or other tortious action,
arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of
this software.